Home >
Welcome to the Learn to Sail website!

ASHORE KNOWLEDGE
 
Section I: Planning
The candidate must be able to:
1.                State the fuel tank capacity and range of the candidate's boat and list what factors could affect the range of the boat under power
2.                State the water capacity of the selected boat and the minimum daily water requirements of a person;
3.                State the causes, prevention and cures for seasickness as well as the impact seasickness has on the effectiveness of the crew;
4.                List the appropriate clothing for cruising and describe how its choice is related to safety and comfort;
5.                Discuss menu planning and relate it to suitability for the day's activities;
6.                List the minimum contents of a first aid kit for a one week cruise in familiar waters as recommended by CYA;
7.                List the spare engine parts one might deem prudent for a one week cruise in familiar waters;
8.                List the minimum set of tools required for a one week cruise in local waters:
9.                List the documents required and the procedures to be followed when:
a) Proceeding to the USA,
b) Returning to Canada from the USA.
 
Section II: Living Afloat
The candidate must be able to:
10.            Discuss galley procedures in order to minimize the danger of fire, scalding or other galley accidents;
11.            Describe the common cooking systems (stoves and fuels) with respect to safety, convenience, speed of cooking and costs;
12.            Discuss the common types of cabin heaters with respect to safety, convenience and cost.
 
Section III: The Inboard Engine
The candidate must be able to:
13.            Identify the following parts used in the normal operation of an inboard engine:
Engine cover
Fuel line
Fuel level gauge
Gear shift lever
Fuel tank
Choke
Starter
Engine bed
Throttle
Propeller shaft
Rudder post
Rudder
Exhaust
Stuffing box
Flange coupling
Cutlass bearing
Skeg
 
14.            Name and describe the use of the following parts of gasoline powered inboard engines:
a) Fuel system: fuel tank, fuel line, fuel filter, fuel-water separator, carburetor,
b) Ignition system: spark plugs, distributor, ignition wires and coil,
c) Cooling system: water pump, cooling water intake valve and discharge, thermostat control;
15.            Name and describe the use of the following parts of diesel powered inboard engines:
a) Fuel system: fuel tank, fuel line, fuel filter, fuel-water separator, fuel pump, injectors,
b) Cooling system: water pump, cooling water intake valve and discharge, thermostat control;
16.            Describe the importance of selecting the correct propeller and the significance of pitch and diameter;
17.            Describe how to check and maintain the following:
Carburetor
Stuffing box
Sea water strainer
Propeller shaft
Steering components
Spark plugs
Fluid levels
Alternator belt
Water pump belt
Electric starter and battery
Power controls and linkages
Fuel tanks;
18.            Describe probable causes and troubleshooting for the following situations:
a) Engine will not start or is difficult to start,
b) Engine overheats,
c) Engine seems to he running well but then slows down and knocks,
d) Engine spits, coughs or slows,
e) Engine knocks excessively,
f) Engine stops suddenly,
g) Engine is running well but boat is not moving well,
h) Excessive vibration;
19.            List and describe the required steps to winterize both inboard diesel and gasoline engines.
 
Section IV: Safety
The candidate must be able to:
20.            List from memory the DOT required items for a boat between 5.5 and 8 metres and between 8 and 12 metres in length as stated in the Safe Boating Guide;
21.            Describe the difference in size and fire fighting capacity between a BI and BII fire extinguishers;
22.            Describe the common sources of fire and/or explosion on a power boat and methods of prevention;
23.            Describe the procedure for the safe operation of an alcohol and propane operated stove;
24.            Describe the use of each of the different types of flares as stated in the Safe Boating Guide, their proper storage, and the method and safety precautions in using them;
25.            State the factors to be considered before allowing any crew members to go swimming while the boat is at anchor;
26.            a) Define hypothermia and describe the major areas of heat loss to the body,
b) Describe treatment for mild and severe hypothermia,
c) List correct actions to be taken by a victim in cold water to increase survival time.
 
Section V: Seamanship
The candidate must be able to:
27.            Describe the attributes of a good anchorage, suitable ground tackle and scope requirements for anchoring, and other considerations including appropriate lights for:
a) A short period of time,
b) Overnight;
28.            Describe the methods and precautions to take when rafting at anchor;
29.            Describe the actions to be taken to prevent a dinghy from bumping against an anchored boat during the night;
30.            List some precautions that should be taken in preparation for heavy weather;
31.            Describe the action to be taken in the following situations:
a) Springing a leak
f) Capsizing your boat
b) Steering fails
g) Running aground
c) Dragging anchor
h) Fouling the propeller
d) Fire
i) Enginefailure
e)Collision with another vessel
 
32.            Describe the best method of handling a vessel when the following emergencies occur:
a) The engine cooling water fails to flow,
b) The engine fails in an anchorage or busy channel;
33.            Describe three methods of recovering fouled anchors;
34.            Describe the proper operating procedures for the marine head and list precautions necessary to prevent malfunction;
35.            Describe how to secure the boat with an anchor on the bow or stern and the opposite end made fast to a dock or shore;
36.            Describe the use of a breast anchor to hold the boat away from a wharf;
37.            Describe the information required and the procedure to be followed when tying a boat to a fixed dock in tidal conditions.
38.            Describe the characteristics, limitations, and uses of the following rope:
Polypropylene
Dacron
Nylon.
 
Section VI: Weather
The candidate must be able to:
39.            Describe the effect of local heating and cooling of land and water as related to wind and cloud formation;
40.            Identify conditions likely to lead to the formation of fog;
41.            List three sources of marine weather information;
42.            Describe local weather hazards, the warning expected, and the identification for both the warning and the hazard. Provide suitable action to be taken to reduce or avoid their effects;
43.            Interpret the marine weather forecast applicable to the area of operation.
 
Section VII: Navigation
The candidate must be able to:
44.            List the precautions needed to ensure that the compass receives no undue magnetic influences;
45.            Obtain the following information from the Canadian Hydrographic chart of the local area:
a) Depth of water
d) Buoys and navigation aids
b) Types of bottom
e) Lights and beacons
c) Underwater hazards
f) Distance scale;
46.            Use the Tide and Current Tables to find:
a) Times and heights of tides at reference ports,
b) Direction and rate of current at reference stations;
47.            Convert direction from true to magnetic to compass;
48.            Convert direction from compass to magnetic to true;
49.            Determine speed, time and distance when any two are known;
50.            Determine estimated time of position (ETA) and revised ETA.
 
Section VIII: Boating Regulations and Rules of the Road
The candidate must be able to:
51.            Describe the types of accidents which need to be reported and which authority is responsible;
52.            Apply Collision Regulations Rules 1 through 24 by means of diagrams;
53.            State the lights required by a vessel under power, under sail, under or giving a tow, and at anchor;
54.            Describe the actions and precautions to be taken reduced visibility;
55.            Describe the installation, use, capabilities and limitations of a radar reflector;
56.            List six internationally recognized distress signals as stated in the Safe Boating Guide.
 
Section IX: Nautical Etiquette
The candidate must be able to:
57.            List the proper courtesies for operating in restricted passages, in harbours and providing assistance to other vessels;
58.            List several methods for minimizing the environmental impact of a power boat,
59.            Describe the skipper's responsibilities and actions for the following common courtesies and customs of the yachting             community:
a) Permission to board,
b) Permission and entitlement to come alongside,
c) Courtesy in crossing adjacent boats when rafted,
d) Rights of first boat at an anchorage,
e) Keeping clear of boats racing,
f) Flag etiquette regarding national, courtesty, house flags and burgees
g) Offering assistance to other boaters in trouble.